Extraembryonic tissues play essential roles in mammalian embryonic development. Two major progenitors for extraembryonic cells, trophectoderm and hypoblasts, have been known to segregate from the embryonic lineage before the embryo has been implanted in maternal endometrium, and give rise to the extraembryonic tissues such as the placenta or yolk sac. Another extraembryonic tissue is the amniotic ectoderm, which develops from the epiblast just after the implantation and acts as a precursor for future amnion. This extraembryonic tissue had attracted much attention since it was reported to serve as the precursor for primordial germ cells as well as the signaling center for primitive streak induction. Nevertheless, cellular properties and molecular mechanisms underlying the fate specification of the amniotic ectoderm are not fully understood. We found that just by adding two small molecule inhibitors, the primed human embryonic stem cells, which have been recognized as an in vitro counterpart of human post-implantation epiblast, was converted into the BMP4-expressing early amniotic ectoderm-like cells. In response to the cell-autonomous BMP signals, they then differentiate into the GATA3-expressing cells that include two distinct types of extraembryonic cells, placental hormone-producing syncytia and late amniotic ectoderm-like cells. These observations suggested the primate-unique differentiation potential of the amniotic ectoderm derived from the post-implantation epiblast.